Structure/ subdivision | Volume loss in 43- to 49-y- old DS subjects, N = 4 (no signs or mild dementia) | Volume loss in 51-to 59-y-old DS subjects, N = 17 (prevalence of moderately severe dementia) | Volume lost in 61-to 72- y- old DS subjects, N = 8 (prevalence of severe dementia) | ||||||
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Volume- difference between 26–41 y and 43–49 y old | Volume loss (%) | p < | Volume difference between 43–49 y and 51–59 y old | Volume loss (%) | p < | Volume difference between 51–59 y and 61–72 y old | Volume loss (%) | p < | |
Entorhinal cortex.—all layers | 0.3 | 0.1 | ns | 181.8 | 29.7 | 0.0001*** | 67.6 | 11.0 | 0.036* |
Entorhinal cortex—islands | 5.9 | 18.3 | ns | 19.7 | 61.1 | 0.0001*** | 0.4 | 1.2 | ns |
CA1 | 73.6 | 22.1 | 0.009** | 53.9 | 16.2 | 0.036* | 56.0 | 16.8 | 0.005** |
CA2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | – | 8.5 | 19.9 | 0.014* | 2.4 | 5.6 | ns |
CA3 | 6.6 | 15.2 | ns | 4.5 | 10.4 | ns | – | 0.0 | ns |
CA4 | 11.5 | 17.6 | 0.045* | – | – | – | 15.2 | 23.2 | ns |
Subiculum | 15.4 | 9.8 | 0.022* | 41.0 | 26.1 | 0.002** | 21.7 | 13.8 | 0.036* |
Amygdala | – | – | – | 43.0 | 10.2 | 0.050* | 67.6 | 16.1 | 0.005** |
Thalamus | 427.9 | 14.3 | ns | 101.1 | 3.3 | ns | 459.1 | 15.2 | 0.036* |
Substantia nigra | 27.1 | 21.4 | 0.0009*** | 10.6 | 8.3 | 0.035* | 14.0 | 11.1 | 0.034* |
MBC | – | – | – | 36.5 | 23.6 | 0.009** | 42.3 | 27.3 | 0.007 ** |
Caudate nucleus | 575.3 | 25.3 | ns | 222.0 | 9.7 | ns | – | 0.0 | ns |
Cerebellar cortex: molecular and granule cells layer | 1767.0 | 18.0 | 0.033* | 93.3 | 0.9 | ns | – | 0.0 | ns |
Dentate nucleus | 42.5 | 15.7 | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
Cumulative volume loss in 43–49 y of age DS subjects: 2,953.1 mm3 | Mean volume loss: 12.7% | Cumulative volume loss in 51–59 y of age DS subjects: 816.0 mm3 | Mean volume loss: 15.7% | Cumulative volume loss in 61–72 y of age DS subjects: 746.3 mm3 | Mean volume loss: 10.1% |