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Table 2 Overview of the selected differentially expressed genes between the cell-lineage based groups of PitNETs

From: Annotation of pituitary neuroendocrine tumors with genome-wide expression analysis

Gene

Function

Differential expression

ZBTB49

Tumor suppressor gene

TPIT versus PIT1

TPIT versus SF1

RALGAPA2

Tumor suppressor gene

TPIT versus PIT1

TPIT versus SF1

NNAT

Regulation of ion channels during development of pituitary gland and brain; Enriched expression pattern in adult pituitary gland, brain and placenta

TPIT versus PIT1

TPIT versus SF1

CACNA2D

Potentially druggable cancer-related gene in prostate carcinoma [55]

TPIT versus PIT1

TPIT versus SF1

SLC39A8 (ZIP8)

Both an anti-oncogenic and pro-oncogenic role; downregulated in breast cancer cells compared to the normal tissue [24]; upregulated in neuroblastoma cells [33]

 TPIT versus PIT1

TPIT versus SF1

ELN

Tumor promoting gene, related to the process of EMT [22, 52]

 TPIT versus PIT1

TPIT versus SF1

KRT8

Tumor promoting gene, related to the process of EMT [22, 52]

TPIT versus PIT1 versus SF1

RASA4

Increased proliferation and apoptosis resistance, a potential therapeutic target in triple-negative breast cancer [54]

TPIT versus PIT1

FKBP10*

Overexpression in gliomas [7], metastatic gastric carcinoma [16] and lung carcinoma; potential therapeutic target

PIT1 versus SF1

PIT1 versus TPIT

SLC44A3

Potential protective role; prognostic marker in uveal melanoma [29]

 PIT1 versus SF1

PIT1versus TPIT

ASAP2

EGFR signaling pathway activator; can be targeted by an antiparasitic drug [15]

PIT1 versus TPIT

IGSF1*

PIT1 cells differentiation and hormone regulation; cell proliferation and apoptosis in thyroid cancer [17]

PIT1 versus SF1

ERRFI1

Negative prognostic factor; potential therapeutic target in pancreatic carcinoma [25]

TPIT versus SF1

PIT1 versus SF1

USP53

Tumor suppressor gene

 TPIT versus SF1

PIT1 versus SF1

CIB2

Tumor suppressor gene

TPIT versus PIT1

SF1 versus PIT1

SERPINF1

Enhanced expression in retina; strong inhibitor of angiogenesis; neurotrophic protein; tumor suppressor gene

 TPIT versus PIT1

SF1 versus PIT1

TAC4

Promoter of cell migration in gliomas, melanomas and breast adenocarcinomas [5]

 TPIT versus PIT1

SF1 versus PIT1

FAIM2

Potential neuroendocrine marker; potential therapeutic target in small cell lung carcinoma [18]

SF1 versus PIT1

IDH1*

A mitochondrial enzyme; well-known cancer associated gene

SF1 versus. PIT1

SF1 versus TPIT

  1. *Concordance between protein and gene expression demonstrated using IHC as shown in Fig. 4d