Fig. 1

The dystrophin associated protein complex at astrocyte endfeet. a Astrocyte endfeet (blue) are anchored to the basement membrane (extracellular matrix) (purple) via the dystrophin associated protein complex located on the astrocyte cell membrane (b, white arrows). c The dystrophin associated protein complex. Transmembrane proteins are localised to the cell membrane by C-terminal tail binding to syntrophin. The dystroglycan complex anchors the cell membrane to laminin/agrin of the extracellular matrix. Dystrophin forms a bridge between the cell cytoskeleton and the cell membrane. The ECM in C is adapted from [32, 33]