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Fig. 1 | Acta Neuropathologica Communications

Fig. 1

From: Inefficient quality control of ribosome stalling during APP synthesis generates CAT-tailed species that precipitate hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease

Fig. 1

Endolysosomal and autophagy defects contribute to the neuromuscular toxicity of APP.C99 in Drosophila. a Images showing effect of muscle expression of APP.C99 on wing posture. Bar graph shows penetrance of wing posture defects at different ages (n > 100). b Effect of muscle expression of APP.C99 on fly lifespan (n = 80). c Immunofluorescent images showing effect of muscle expression of APP.C99 on ER (KDEL-GFP) and mitochondrial (mito-DsRed) morphology at the larval body wall muscle. Scale bar, 10 µm. d Images comparing effects of FL-APP, APPΔCT, and APP.C99 on ER and mitochondrial morphology. Scale bar, 5 µm. e Effect of neuronal expression of APP.C99 on locomotor activity (n = 80–100). f Effect of neuronal APP.C99 expression on learning and memory in the aversive taste memory assay (n = 40–60). g-i Immunostaining and data quantification showing accumulation of enlarged early endosomes as detected with anti-Rab5 antibody (g), enlarged lysosomes as detected with LAMP1-GFP reporter (h), and the autophagy receptor p62 (i) in fly muscle expressing APP.C99 (n = 10). Scale bars, 5 µm (h), 10 µm (g, i). j Accumulation of autophagosome reporter ATG8-mcherry in fly brain expressing APP.C99 (n = 10). Scale bar, 20 µm. k Effect of co-expression of Rab5-WT, -CA, -DN on APP.C99 induced wing posture defect (n = 80). l Effect of co-expression of Hsp70, Mitf, Fip200, ATG1, and Ref2p/p62 on APP.C99 induced wing posture defect (n = 80). Error bars, ± SEM;  P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01 in Student’s t-tests

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