Fig. 2

Low-grade peripheral inflammation affects microglia proliferation and activation. a Representative images of IBA1, 6E10 and Ki67 staining in hippocampus. Scale bar: 100 μm and 20 μm (insert). b Quantification of microglial proliferation in hippocampus (n = 4–6). c Representative images of IBA1, 6E10 and Ki67 staining in cortex. Scale bar: 20 μm. d Quantification of microglial proliferation in cortex (n = 4–6). d Gene expression of microgliosis marker Aif1 and Cd69 in hippocampus (n = 5–10). f Representative 3D reconstruction images of IBA1⁺ microglia from hippocampus 2 weeks after LPS stimulation. Scale bars: 20 µm. g Imaris-based quantification of cell morphology of IBA1⁺ microglia in hippocampus. Each symbol represents one mouse, each mouse was randomly selected with 3–5 cells outside the Aβ for analysis (n = 4–5). Mean ± SEM, two-way ANOVA Bonferroni’s post hoc test for multiple comparisons. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01