Fig. 10

Diagrams depicting potential causal relationships between the genes under study with positive findings. Diagrams depicting potential causal relationships between the genes under study with positive findings (TMEM106B, ABCC9, GRN, and APOE) and TDP-43 proteinopathy/limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE), hippocampal sclerosis (HS), and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). a The candidate genes and their corresponding colors in the diagrams, b a diagram of the current study’s prima facie results, and c a diagram showing hypothetical mechanistic pathways that are compatible with the findings of the current study, including how AD neuropathologic changes (often linked to the APOE risk allele) may fit in with the current study’s results. LATE = limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy; HS = hippocampal sclerosis; AD = Alzheimer’s disease