Fig. 8

Vessel density along the spinal cord axis. Representative images of lectin-positive blood vessel staining in lumbar anterior gray matter (a, b) and lumbar dorsal white matter (d, e) in control and ALS spinal cords. Scale bars = 250 µm. Vessel density was quantified at individual segmental levels C8, T7–T9, and L4/L5 in gray (c) and white matter (f) of control and ALS spinal cords. Data shown as mean ± SD (control n = 4, ALS n = 13), with statistical significance determined using two-way ANOVA with Sidak’s post-test. **p ≤ 0.01; *p ≤ 0.05