Fig. 7

Overall distribution of cortical astrocytes unchanged in App KI mice. a-b The total number of S100β-positive cells in the cerebral cortex App KI mice was not different from that in WT mice, in contrast to the difference seen with GFAP (see Additional file 4: Fig. S4C-D) at 18 months age. In hippocampus (dentate gyrus and CA1), however, there was a significantly higher number of both S100β-positive and GFAP-positive (see Additional file 4: Fig. S4C-D) cells in the 18 months old App KI mice. S100β-positive cells were analyzed in 6 fields per section at 20 × magnification and two sections per animal. Cell numbers were normalized to area (mean ± SEM) (n = 5–6/group). Mann–Whitney U test was used for comparisons between genotypes, ^#P < 0.05, ^##P < 0.01, ^###P < 0.001, and Kruskal–Wallis one-way analysis of variance test with Dunn’s post hoc test for comparisons between ages and genotypes, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. Scale bars = 30 and 300 μm. S100β = S100 calcium-binding protein β, CA1 = Cornu Ammonis 1, GFAP = glial fibrillary acidic protein