Fig. 3

Elevated levels of AQP4 and heparanase in AD brain. (a) Aβ42 immunostaining in the thalamus of AD brain. (b) AQP4 Western blotting and quantitative analysis of relative band intensities, corrected for GAPDH loading controls, of AD and non-demented control (NDC) medial temporal gyrus homogenates. (c) Heparanase (pAb733) immunostaining in the hippocampus of AD brain. The upper left panels illustrate heparanase distribution in microvessels, with an enlarged view in the upper centre panel. The upper right panel illustrates heparanase distribution in an arteriole. The lower panel reveals heparanase immunostaining that reveals Aβ-deposit like morphology within AD hippocampus (see also Suppl. Figure 5). (d) Heparanase (pAb733) Western blotting and (e) quantitative analysis of relative band intensities, corrected for β-actin loading controls, in homogenates from AD and NDC medial temporal gyrus. (f, g) Heparanase activity in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma of AD and NDC as determined by the homogenous time-resolved FRET (HTRF) assay