Fig. 3

Inflammation within the cerebellar white matter is accompanied by loss of Purkinje cells in MSA-C. a Graphical overview illustrating regions of interest within the human cerebellum including the cerebellar white matter (cbw), cerebellar cortex (cbx), and Purkinje cell (PC) monolayer. b Cellular expression of CD68; nuclei were counterstained using haematoxylin; scale bar: 100 µm. c Quantification of CD68⁺ cells reveals increased microgliosis in the cbw of MSA-C patients (n = 5). d, e H&E staining of the cerebellum indicates significant loss of Purkinje cells by 50% (white arrow heads) in MSA-C patients compared to controls (n = 5); scale bar: 100 µm. Data represent mean + standard deviation. Statistical analyses were performed using Mann–Whitney test; **p ≤ 0.01