Fig. 4

Ligation of dCLVs inhibited the clearance of SDH. a Image displaying the effectiveness of dCLV ligation surgery (to observe the bluish colour of dCLNs of ligated and nonligated sides 15 min after the injection of EB into the subdural space). The green and black arrows indicate dCLNs on the ligated side and the nonligated side, respectively. The yellow and red arrows indicate the ligation points and dCLVs, respectively. Ligation of dCLVs obviously blocked the downward drainage of EB, which was injected into the subdural space. b The residual haematoma volumes of SDH rats at 6 h, 3 d and 7 d after SDH surgery in the dCLV ligation group and control group as measured by haemoglobin quantification. n = 5/group for each time point. c Representative MRI images of SDH rats. The haematoma areas are outlined in red. d Percentage of residual haematoma volumes according to MRI data of SDH rats in the ligation and control groups (percentage of residual haematoma volume = haematoma volume at a specific time point after SDH modelling/SDH haematoma volume measured immediately after SDH modelling). n = 5/group. The data in (b) and (d) are presented as the mean ± SD. *P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001