Fig. 5

NAC and pyruvate modify the proteome of SMA MNs. a, e Volcano plot of whole proteome analysis in SMA MNs after (a) pyruvate or (e) NAC treatment; plotted p value (-log₁₀) against fold change (log₂) (N = 3). p values were determined by unpaired two-sided t-test. Significantly changed proteins with p < 0.05 are highlighted in blue (down-regulated) or red (up-regulated). b, f GO analysis of significantly changed proteins by (b) pyruvate or (f) NAC-treated SMA MNs. c, g Venn diagram showing the overlap of ‘significantly altered proteins in SMA compared to WT’ and ‘significantly changed proteins by (c) pyruvate or (g) NAC’ treatment in WT MNs or SMA MNs. d Levels of proteins altered in SMA compared to WT and by (d) pyruvate or (h) NAC treatment in SMA; plotted fold change (log₂) comparing with and without pyruvate treatment