Fig. 1

Increased presence of FAP-positive cells in human malignant gliomas. a FAP RNA levels (RNAseq) in GBM and normal brain. Analysis of TCGA GBM data (N = 166) and GTEx normal brain tissue data (N = 1141) using UCSC Xena. ****p < 0.0001 (t test). b FAP RNA levels in different grades of adult glioma. Analysis of the TCGA and CGGA datasets at GlioVis. N = 515 for lower-grade gliomas and N = 152 for grade IV (GBM) in TCGA. ***p < 0.001 (pairwise comparisons of Tukey’s Honest Significant Difference). c Kaplan–Meier analysis of overall survival of patients with gliomas using the TCGA and CGGA datasets. d Representative images of FAP immunohistochemistry (IHC) in GBM, showing two different staining patterns, perivascular/circular (left) and scattered/parenchymal (right). See Additional file 1: S1 for additional data on FAP IHC. e, f 2D-tSNE presentation of cell cluster mapping based on single cell RNAseq data of GBM (36 and http://gbmseq.org/) (e), and mapping of FAP mRNA on to the same tSNE map (f). Cells with differing phenotypes are color-coded in e