Table 2 Main clinical and morphological characteristics of antenatal alcohol exposed fetuses and infants
From: Prenatal alcohol exposure is a leading cause of interneuronopathy in humans
Case number | WG | Cause of death | Body weight | Cranio-facial dysmorphism | Brain weight | Visceral anomalies | CNS anomalies | Maternal alcohol intake | Maternal Co-morbidity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 15 | TOP | 25th percentile | Indistinct philtrum Low set posteriorly rotated ears Microretrognathism | 50th percentile 15.8 g | Anterior coelosomia | No | Chronic alcohol intake* | Heroin Methadone |
2 | 20 | TOP Maternal distress | 10th percentile | Midface hypoplasia, short nose, flat face | 25th percentile 39.34 g | No | No | Chronic alcohol intake and Binge drinking* (ND) | HIV, Hepatitis C Multi-drug addiction |
3 | 22 | TOP Chiari malformation | <3rd percentile IUGR | FAS craniofacial dysmorphism | ≪3rd percentile 45.65 g | Renal hydronephrosis | Microcephaly Arnold Chiari II Myelomeningocele | Chronic alcohol intake** | Psychotic Disorder Valproate |
4 | 22 | TOP Maternal distress | 3rd percentile IUGR | Indistinct philtrum Posteriorly rotated ears Microretrognathism | 50th percentile 63.5 g | No | No | Chronic alcohol intake (262 g per day) ** | Psychotic Disorder psychotrops Increased MGV |
5 | 22 | TOP Maternal distress | 50th percentile | Indistinct philtrum Microretrognathism | 50th percentile 63.21 g | Unilateral pelvicaliceal dilatation | No | Daily chronic alcohol intake* | Multi-drug addiction Valproate (epilepsy) |
6 | 24 | TOP Amnion band sequence | NA | FAS craniofacial dysmorphism | 50th percentile 75 g | NA | Micropolygyria Migration anomalies Vermis hypoplasia cerebellar hemisphere necrosis | Chronic alcohol intake** | Cocaine |
7 | 24 | TOP septal agenesis | 50th percentile | FAS dysmorphism | 50th percentile 100.3 g | No | Arhinencephaly | Chronic alcohol intake** | Cannabis addiction |
8 | 26 | Spontaneous abortion | 50th percentile | Indistinct philtrum Posteriorly rotated ears Microretrognathism | 50th percentile 133.6 g | Unilateral pelvic dilatation | No | Chronic alcohol intake** | ND |
9 | 27 | Preeclampsia Death at D10 | 10th percentile | FAS craniofacial dysmorphism | 3rd percentile 109 g | No | Microcephaly Massive cerebellar haemorraghe | Alcohol intake** | ND |
10 | 29 | IUFD cardiopathy | 5th percentile | Anteversed nostrils and pointed nose Ear anomalies Indistinct philtrum Retrognathism | 5th percentile 178 g | Tetralogy of Fallot | No | Daily chronic alcohol intake* (ND) | Increased MGV and GGT |
11 | 30 | IUFD Abruptio placentae | 10th percentile | No | 50th percentile 211 g | No | Bilateral intraventricular haemorrhage | Daily chronic alcohol intake* | Cannabis addiction Treated hypothyroidism |
12 | 31 | IUFD Preeclampsia | 3rd percentile IUGR | Ear anomalies Retrognathism | 3rd percentile 197.05 g | No | No | Daily chronic alcohol intake* (ND) | Increased MGV and GGT |
13 | 31 | TOP Septal agenesis | 50th percentile | FAS craniofacial dysmorphism | 50th percentile 234 g | No | Septal agenesis | Chronic and Binge drinking* | Cannabis |
14 | 33 | IUFD Acute alcohol intoxication (maternal distress) | 50th percentile | No | 50th percentile 348.15 g | Amniotic fluid inhalation | Diffuse astrogliosis | Chronic and Binge drinking* (4.98 g/L) | Multi-drug addiction Increased MGV and GGT First pregnancy: IUFD at 33 WG One child alive with FAS. |
15 | 37 | IUFD | 25th percentile | Indistinct philtrum Microretrognathism | <3rd percentile 248 g | No | Neuron heterotopia Microcephaly | Chronic and Binge drinking** | Heroin addiction |
16 | 3 PN months | SIDS | 5th percentile | FAS cranio-facial dysmorphism | 50th percentile 633 g | No | Brain oedema | Chronic alcohol intake* (ND) | Cannabis addiction |
17 | 22 PN months | SIDS | 50th percentile | FAS cranio-facial dysmorphism | ND | Isolated pulmonary oedema | No | Daily chronic alcohol intake* (ND) | ND |