Fig. 1

Lentiviral gene transfer of C11orf95-RELA type 1 fusion into mouse neural stem cells induces human ependymoma-like tumors. a Kaplan–Meier survival curves of the pTomo-RELA^FUS1-HA-induced brain tumors. Lentiviruses were injected into neonatal pups brain in Nestin-Cre^+/−;Cag-Cas9^+/+ mice. Two different target sequences (#1 and #2) were tested for each sgRNA (n.s., not significant, **p < 0.01). b Summary of pTomo-RELA^FUS1-HA lentivirus injections. L, lower titer; M, medium titer; n/a, not applicable (c, d) Kaplan–Meier survival curves and Summary of the pTomo-RELA^FUS1-HA-induced brain tumors. Lentiviruses were injected into brain in 3–5 weeks-old Nestin-Cre^+/−;Cag-Cas9^+/+ mice (n.s., not significant, *p < 0.05. L, lower titer; H, higher titer). e Representative H&E and IHC stained slides for HA tag, RELA and GFAP antibodies in the RELA^FUS1-HA + sgControl (#1)-induced brain tumor in Nestin-Cre^+/−;Cag-Cas9^+/+ mice (n = 3)