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Table 5 Cytokines/Chemokines in CSF of patients with paraneoplastic anti-NMDAR encephalitis and anti-NMDAR encephalitis without teratoma, negative symptom controls

From: Co-expression of NMDA-receptor subunits NR1, NR2A, and NR2B in dysplastic neurons of teratomas in patients with paraneoplastic NMDA-receptor-encephalitis: a retrospective clinico-pathology study of 159 patients

Cytokines/ Chemokines

Paraneoplastic anti-NMDARE (P, medium, range; pg/ml)

Anti-NMDARE without teratoma (N, medium, range; pg/ml)

Negative symptom control (C, medium, range; pg/ml)

P value

P vs Na

P vs Ca

TNF-α

3.19(2.83–3.55)

3.19(2.32–8.15)

2.49(1.84–3.55)

0.613

0.039

IFN-γ

47.68(46.03–59.35)

46.03(30.12–59.35)

42.77(37.94–57.67)

0.286

0.083

CXCL9

174(121–336)

227(121–443)

227(121–336)

0.246

0.724

CXCL10

69.03(3.53–147)

15.6(1.82–7002)

4.49(2.26–147)

0.793

0.088

IL-2

415(345–458)

460(318–630)

408(327–564)

0.324

0.831

IL-4

16.17(11.77–31.30)

26.07(11.77–49.06)

17.72(8.66–36.3)

0.099

0.914

IL-5

1.83(1.68–2.25)

1.97(1.13–4.5)

1.68(1.41–2.25)

0.732

0.424

GM-CSF

12.56(4.43–18.44)

5.31(2.77–69.48)

4(2.02–18.44)

0.356

0.025

G-CSF

26.07(15.37–30.44)

26.9(15.37–110)

27.62(18.59–41.01)

0.429

0.52

IL-6

1.33(0.88–11.33)

3.26(1.15–68.3)

1.73(1.15–11.33)

0.158

0.392

IL-8

50.79(17.89–87.97)

58.47(11.28–150)

25.54(3.96–87.97)

0.694

0.055

IL-17A

0.81(−0.81)

0.81(−5.02)

0.81(−2.79)

0.279

0.645

IL-10

6.09(4.89–7.58)

5.2 (2.16–22.88)

4.45(2.31–6.48)

0.393

0.033

APRIL

152(56.68–194)

147(48.19–973)

74.19(35.96–175)

0.767

0.134

BAFF

157.5(139–266)

189.5(68.03–1011)

266(174–314)

0.491

0.055

CXCL13

27.23(14.07–57.17)

29.67(11.48–507)

12.52(10.43–33.96)

0.818

0.055

CCL2

736.5(656–771)

788(293–1868)

852(447–2665)

0.491

0.286

CXCL1

52(−63.15)

63.15(23.42–170)

34.92(−71.33)

0.155

0.668

IFN-α

2.73(1.94–5.86)

3.19(1.7–8.29)

2.72(1.94–5.86)

0.576

0.914

IL-1α

43.7(32.68–45.56)

68.91(39.47–215)

39.47(34.04–50.27)

0.026

0.522

IL-1β

1.42(0.71–1.83)

1.42(0.71–2.96)

1.24(1.05–1.42)

0.567

0.489

IL-12

124.5(− 133)

101(− 307)

56.35(−133)

0.766

0.831

VEGF-A

36.65(26.66–45.66)

52.68(32.13–119)

42.65(16.95–52.68)

0.026

0.67

  1. P Paraneoplastic anti-NMDARE, N Anti-NMDARE without teratoma, C Negative control, CCL C-C motif chemokine ligand, CXCL C-X-C motif chemokine ligand, IFN interferon, IL interleukin, TNF tumour necrosis factor, VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor A, APRIL a proliferation-inducing ligand, BAFF B-cell-activating factor belonging to the tumour necrosis factor family, G-CSF granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, GM-CSF granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
  2. aMann-Whitney U test and Bonferroni correction (α = 0.025)