Fig. 7

Aβ-associated exosomes mediate complex formation between VDAC1 and Aβ and induce mitochondrial damage. a, b Representative immunofluorescence images of N2a cells incubated with wild type exosomes (a) or 5xFAD exosomes (b) showing increased number of PLA signals in cells incubated with 5xFAD exosomes. Right panels show detail from left panel (frame). Each red dot denotes complex formation between Aβ and mitochondrial VDAC1. Arrows indicate PLA signals in mitochondrial clusters (c) Calculation and comparison of average PLA signals per cell between wild type and 5xFAD incubations, six images for each condition. Student t-test followed by Welch’s correction. N = 6. p < 0.001 (d) Western blot of mitochondrial protein from N2a cells using antibody against Drp-1 and VDAC1 as a reference protein. e, f Colocalization between PLA signals for VDAC1-Aβ complexes and mitochondrial marker Tom-20 labeling in N2a cells and primary cultured neurons incubated with 5xFAD serum exosomes (e) and AD patient serum exosomes (f)