Fig. 11
From: Association of Aβ with ceramide-enriched astrosomes mediates Aβ neurotoxicity
Potential mechanism of neurotoxicity induced by Aβ-associated astrosomes. Aβ secreted by neurons (red) binds to ceramide-enriched exosomes secreted by astrocytes (astrosomes, green). Aβ-associated astrosomes are endocytosed by neurons and transported to mitochondria. The vesicles fuse with the outer mitochondrial membrane and mediate binding of Aβ to VDAC1. A pro-apoptotic pore, probably associated with ceramide, is formed which leads to activation of caspases and induction of neuronal cell death