Table 1 List of cadaveric epilepsy cases with recorded clinical features. 21 cadaveric epilepsy cases with history of single or multiple events of seizures, accompanied with a table of clinical history obtained from the archives of Seattle Children’s Hospital Department of Pathology (2014–2019), are tabulated. The features analyzed included age of death, gender, post-mortem interval (PMI), presence or absence of GCD subtypes, clinical diagnoses like seizure interval (from seizure onset until death), evidence of malformation/anomaly in the central nervous system (CNS), and/or of other CNS (acquired forms of CNS injury such as hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), cerebral edema) and non-CNS conditions. GW, gestational weeks; TT, tram-track; DA, disaggregated; mo, months

SZ-1^a

7 days

7 days

M

12 h

Y

< 24 h

Y

Y

encephalopathy, seizures

–

Proteus mirabilis septic shock, coagulopathy and acidosis, hypoxic respiratory failure

SZ-2^a

6 years

6 years

F

10 h

Y

6 years; intractable

N

N

global developmental delay, chronic seizure disorder with static encephalopathy

hypoplastic cerebellum

recurrent pulmonary infections

SZ-3^a

16 years

16 years

F

22 h

Y

13 years

N

Y

severe congenital neuromuscular disorder, complex status epilepticus

severe gliosis and neuronal loss

acute bronchopneumonia, cardiac arrest

SZ-4^b

6 years

6 years

M

not known

Y

> 5 years; multiple episodes till death, intractable

Y

Y

brain overgrowth with polymicrogyria, diffused cortical dysplasia, AKT3 R465W mutation, possibly SUDEP

gliosis, mild ventriculomegaly

congenital diaphragmatic hernia, coagulopathy, defects in liver, spleen and kidney

SZ-5^a

3 years

3 years

M

2 h

Y

7 weeks; multiple episodes till death, intractable

Y

N

subclinical status epilepticus

cerebral edema, HIE, anoxic brain injury secondary to pulmonary arrest

pulmonary arrest

SZ-6^a

2 days

2 days

F

21.5 h

Y

2 days (possible seizures)

Y

Y

–

cerebral edema, HIE

acute chorioamnionitis with funisitis and three vessel umbilical vasculitis

SZ-7^a

4 days

4 days

M

38 h

Y

< 24 h

N

Y

–

HIE

severe acidosis, cardiorespiratory failure, visceral anomalies

SZ-8^a

18mo

18mo

M

26 h

Y

1–3 months of age; no further seizures post-treatment of phenobarbital

Y

Y

developmental delay and seizure disorder (2q21.1 duplication)

focal neuronal loss and gliosis in hippocampus

abdominal distension, brady-cardiac arrest, acute pan-lobar pneumonia

SZ-9^a

2 years

2 years

M

72 h

Y

4 months; multiple episodes between first seizure and death

N

N

retinoblastoma with diffuse leptomeningeal spread and direct infiltration of brain and spinal cord

–

pulmonary edema, congestive hepatomegaly

SZ-10^a

5 weeks (28GW)

33GW

F

17.5 h

Y

< 24 h

Y

Y

multiple seizure events

hemorrhage and necrosis secondary to dural venous thrombosis.

necrotizing enterocolitis

SZ-11^a

12 years

12 years

F

96 h

Y

16 months; intractable

N

N

–

cerebral edema, HIE and brain death

appendicitis

SZ-12^a

19 years

19 years

M

216 h

Y

14 years; intractable

N

N

seizure disorder

–

Trisomy 16p/monosomy 9p, respiratory distress syndrome, Pseudomonas pneumonia, cardiomegaly

SZ-13^a

7 weeks (32 4/7 GW)

39 4/7 GW

F

14 h

Y

6 weeks (possible seizures)

N

Y

epilepsy (focal apoptotic neurons within DG)

–

severe pulmonary hypertension, veno-occlusive disease

SZ-14^a

8 years

8 years

F

65 h

Y

2 years (sleep EEG done)

N

N

encephalomalacia, hydrocephalus, seizures, developmental delay

–

unbalanced chromosomal translocation, congenital mitral valve stenosis, heart failure

SZ-15^a

7 weeks

7 weeks

F

3 h

Y

6 weeks

N

Y

hypotonia and episodic breathing progressing to seizures

elevated CSF and plasma glycine levels

–

SZ-16^a

17 years

17 years

F

96 h

Y

5 days

N

N

generalized tonic-clonic seizure, brain herniation

acute hemorrhage, edema

Type 1 diabetes, oligoarticular juvenile arthritis, celiac disease

SZ-17^a

17 years

17 years

M

64 h

Y

~ 17 years; intractable

N

Y

spastic quadriplegia, epilepsy, static leukoencephalopathy, ventriculomegaly

white matter gliosis

acute kidney injury, obstructive apnea, hypotonia

SZ-18^a

8 days

8 days

M

42 h

Y

8 days

(onset at birth)

N

N

seizures (treated with antiepileptics)

brain herniation, diffuse cerebral edema

ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency, hyperammonemia, hepatosplenomegaly

SZ-19^a

3 years

3 years

F

15.6 h

Y

2.5 years

N

N

severe craniofacial malformations, seizure history

neurological injury, meningitis

–

SZ-20^a

4 years

4 years

M

15.5 h

Y

16 months

N

N

seizures (no recurrence post-treatment with medications), global developmental delay

subacute diffuse CNS hemorrhagic necrosis with massive intraventricular blood clot

multiple chromosomal abnormalities and associated chronic health problems, atypical lymphoid hyperplasia, concerning primary or secondary immunodeficiency

SZ-21^a

9 years

9 years

M

2 h

Y

2 months

N

N

refractory status epilepticus secondary to febrile infection-related status epilepticus, multiple events

diffuse severe gliosis, patchy neuronal loss, dramatic loss of CA1 neurons

–