Fig. 6

Correlations between ANXA2 and OSMR expression and human glioma histopathology and prognosis. a ANXA2 and OSMR mRNA expression in the REMBRANDT dataset (normal brain n = 28, lower grade glioma n = 225, GBM n = 219). b Kaplan–Meier overall survival curves of patients in the REMBRANDT glioma dataset stratified by high or low ANXA2 and OSMR mRNA levels (n = 397). c, d Analysis of patient tumor samples selected based on high or low ANXA2 mRNA levels. c Representative images of OSMR, CD31, and Ki67 staining and (d) quantification of ANXA2 and OSMR expression, cell proliferation (MIB-1 index), and angiogenesis (CD31 expression) (n = 10). Scale bar, 100 μm. e Schematic showing proposed model of phenotypic transition regulated by the ANXA2–STAT3–OSMR axis in GBM. Hypoxic conditions increase ANXA2 expression, STAT3 phosphorylation and nuclear localization, and OSMR expression, resulting in mesenchymal phenotypic changes such as prominent cell proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis. Data are shown as the mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, NS not significant by one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s post hoc test (a), log-rank test (b), or two-tailed Student’s t-test (d)