Fig. 1

Flow diagram of the study. Three engineered pre-clinical models of CCM disease were cross-compared to identify the differences and commonalities between acute in vivo NVUs and chronic in vivo NVUs, as well as in vivo and in vitro models. We also studied the genes that are likely responsible for extra-endothelial pathological changes in CCM disease. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis was performed using DEseq2 for all models (fold change |FC| ≥ 2; p < 0.05, false discovery rate (FDR) corrected). DEGs of each model were compared with their respective healthy controls (|FC| ≥ 2; p < 0.05, FDR corrected). Lastly, we performed comprehensive gene ontology enrichment and network analyses