Fig. 1

Increased proportion of neurons and astrocytes with γH2AX foci in frontal cortex of cases with MCI or AD. Frontal cortex sections from cognitively unimpaired controls (Ctl) and from MCI and AD cases were co-labeled for γH2AX (green) and for NeuN (red) (a, b) or the astroglial marker GFAP (red) (c, d). Nuclei were stained with Hoechst 33342 (blue). a Representative confocal images of neuronal γH2AX staining. b Proportion (%) of neurons with at least one γH2AX focus. c Representative confocal images of astroglial γH2AX staining. d Proportion (%) of astrocytes with at least one γH2AX focus. n = 8 Ctl, 7 MCI, and 8 AD cases from Cohort 2. **p < 0.01, ****p < 0.0001 vs. Ctl by one-way ANOVA and Holm-Sidak test. Scale bars: 10 μm. Bar graphs represent means ± SEM