Fig. 7

ER stress mediated by LRRK2-GS is not specific to astrocytes. C2 myoblasts expressing Myc-LRRK2-WT or Myc-LRRK2-GS were treated with tunicamycin (0.1 μg/ml) for 24–48 h. a Levels of the indicated mRNAs were analyzed by real-time qPCR. b, c Protein interactions were detected by immunoprecipitation with an antibody against Myc or SERCA followed by Western blotting (b), and LRRK2–SERCA interactions were detected using the PLA method (c). d, e Representative time-lapse images of cytosolic Ca²⁺ dynamics in response to histamine, visualized by fluorescence microscopy in C2 myoblasts loaded with Fluo4-AM. Fluorescence intensity, displayed in pseudo-colors (bottom: scale palette) (d), plots of representative Ca²⁺ transients (e, left), and quantification of average amplitude and duration of Ca²⁺ sparks (e, right). All data are presented as means ± SD of three independent experiments (*p < 0.05)