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Table 1 Demographic details, clinical and pathological features in cases used for microvascular quantification

From: White matter capillaries in vascular and neurodegenerative dementias

Variable

Young Controls

Ageing Controls

PSND

AD

DLB

PDD

Mixed 1

Mixed 2

VaD

PSD

Number of subjects

9

16

18

18

16

13

17

14

13

19

Age, years, mean (range)

61.1↓(55–68)*

86.9 (72–99)

84.7 (79–91)

87.8 (76–96)

79.6 (69–96)

72.8 (64–81)

83.0 (72–93)

84.7 (72–94)

88.1 (75–98)

87.5 (80–98)

Gender, number (F/M)

5 / 4

12 / 4

9 / 9

9 / 9

7 / 9

5 / 8

13 / 4

8 / 6

6 / 7

13 / 6

Total CAMCOG score (/100), mean (range)

N/A

N/A

88.0↑ (83–93)*

44.0 (20–73)

53.8 (24–80)

61.1 (39–74)

51.0 (23–68)

50.5 (41–61)

62.0 (25–80)

61.5 (24–80)

Memory sub-score (/27), mean ± SEM

N/A

N/A

21.4 ± 1.4↑*

10.0 ± 0.9

14.9 ± 1.1

16.2 ± 1.1

13.5 ± 1.6

N/A

14.4 ± 1.4

15.0 ± 2.2

Executive sub-score (/28), mean ± SEM

N/A

N/A

16.6 ± 1.2↑*

12.3 ± 0.6

12.1 ± 1.5

9.6 ± 0.9

11.2 ± 0.8

N/A

10.8 ± 1.2

11.1 ± 1.9

MMSE score (/30), mean (range)

N/A

N/A

27.3↑ (26–30)*

8.5 (0–16)

13.8 (6–20)

14.2 (3–20)

11.9 (2–19)

14.0 (12–16)

17.3↑ (8–24)

16.5 (12–20)

Braak Stage, mean (range)

0.25 (0–1)

1.9 (0–4)

2.6 (1–4)

5.6↑ (5–6)**

2.3 (0–4)

2.1 (0–4)

4.9↑ (2–6)**

5.2↑ (5–6)**

2.0 (0–4)

2.6 (1–4)

CERAD, mean (range)

0.0 (0–0)

0.5 (0–2)

1.7 (1–2)

2.9↑ (2–3)**

1.3 (0–3)

0.3 (0–2)

2.7↑ (0–3)**

2.9↑ (2–3)**

1.0 (0–2)

1.3 (1–3)

Vascular pathology score, mean (range)♯

N/A

6.7↓ (0–10) ‡

13.5 (13–14)

10.8 (3–16)

9.6 (7–13)

9.8 (7–14)

10.6 (3–13)

11.0 (6–14)

13.2↑ (10–16)

13.3↑ (9–17)

WML score, mean (range)

N/A

0.5↓ (0–2)§

2.5↑ (2–3)ψ

1.7 (0–3)

1.7 (1–3)

1.8 (1–3)

1.6 (0–3)

2.8↑(2–3)ψ

2.9↑(2–3)ψ

2.4↑(2–3)ψ

White matter/Vascular lesions, moderate - severe (%)

N/A

17.6↓**

100

72

75

92

88

95

100

100

Lewy body pathology, number (limbic/neocortical)

0 / 0

0 / 0

0 / 0

0 / 1

3 / 11

3 / 7

3 / 5

0 / 0

4 / 0

0 / 0

Neuronal loss in substantia nigra, number (none/mild/moderate/severe)

N/A

N/A

18 / 0 / 0 / 0

7 / 8 / 2 / 0

0 / 3 / 6 / 6

0 / 1 / 2 / 9

3 / 4 / 7 / 2

14 / 0 / 0 / 0

7 / 4 / 2 / 0

19 / 0 / 0 / 0

  1. Mixed dementia 1: 7 = AD+DLB, 6 = AD+VaD, 3 = AD+DLB + VaD and 1 = PDD + DLB + VaD; Mixed dementia 2: all with AD and VaD pathology
  2. Age, *P < 0.01 vs Ageing Controls and all dementia groups; Total CAMCOG score, CAMCOG executive and memory sub-score and MMSE score, *P < 0.01 vs all dementia groups;
  3. Braak Stage, **P < 0.01 vs Young Controls, Ageing Controls, DLB, PDD and VaD; **P < 0.05 vs PSD and PSND; CERAD, **P < 0.01 vs Young Controls. Ageing Controls, DLB, PDD, VaD, PSD and PSND
  4. ♯Vascular Pathology Score [10], ‡P < 0.01 vs all dementia groups; P < 0.01 vs DLB and PDD; P < 0.05 vs Mixed 1; WML score, §P < 0.01 vs all dementia groups; ψP < 0.01 vs AD, DLB, PDD and Mixed 1; White matter/Vascular lesions, moderate-severe (%) **P < 0.01 vs all dementia groups; Lewy body pathology, only the number of limbic/neocortical cases are shown. Fourteen Ageing Controls, 15 AD, 6 Mixed 1, all Mixed 2, 9 VaD, all PSD and PSND cases had no Lewy body pathology. Two Ageing Controls, 1 AD, 1 DLB and 2 Mixed 1 showed Lewy body pathology in brain stem. Data were not available for 1 case in DLB and PDD groups due to limited autopsy; Neuronal loss in the substantia nigra, data was not available for 1 case in each group other than VaD, PSD and PSND due to limited autopsy
  5. Abbreviations: AD Alzheimer’s disease, CAMCOG Cambridge Cognition Examination, CERAD Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease, DLB Dementia with Lewy Bodies, F female, M male, Mixed 1, Mixed dementia 1 with AD, DLB, PDD and VaD; Mixed 2, Mixed dementia 2 with AD and VaD, MMSE Mini Mental State Examination, PDD Parkinson’s disease with dementia, PSD post-stroke dementia, PSND post-stroke no dementia, VaD Vascular dementia, WML white matter lesion
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Acta Neuropathologica Communications

ISSN: 2051-5960

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