Fig. 2

Neuronal loss and astrogliosis in the substantia nigra of cases with the LRRK2 p.R1441H mutation. A macroscopic picture of the midbrains (a: age-matched control, b: A-II-6, c: B-III-2). The substantia nigra of A-II-6 and B-III-2 were markedly depigmented, compared with the age-matched control (a macroscopic photograph of A-II-3 was not available). Black arrowheads indicate the pigmented nigral areas. The substantia nigra of all cases showed apparent neuronal loss and astrogliosis in hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain (d: A-II-3, e: A-II-6, f: B-III-2) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) stain (g: A-II-3, h: A-II-6, i: B-III-2), but proliferations of reactive microglia were absent or mild (j: A-II-3, k: A-II-6, l: B-III-2). The scale bars represent d–f: 500 μm, g–i: 200 μm, and j–l: 200 μm, respectively