Fig. 5
Soluble Aβ induces GPNMB mRNA expression in immortalized microglia cells. (a) Treatment of BV2 cells with Aβ-containing medium or synthetic Aβ1–42 peptides resulted in a highly significant increase in GPNMB mRNA expression, while LPS treatment had no effect on GPNMB levels. In contrast, LPS treatment caused microglia activation as shown by upregulation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL1-β and TNFα (b, c). While LPS treatment led to decreased expression of APOE and CLEC7A, conditioned Aβ-containing media induced these DAM phenotype-associated genes (d, e). MITF levels did not change following treatment with Aβ-conditioned medium or synthetic Aβ although GPNMB levels were clearly elevated (f). All data are given as mean ± SD. * P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001