Table 2 Clinical pathologic characteristics of 1108 participants by TDP-43 stages
From: TDP-43 pathology in anterior temporal pole cortex in aging and Alzheimer’s disease
Characteristics | TDP-43 Stages | p-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stage 0 n = 561 | Stage 1 n = 206 | Stage 2 n = 112 | Stage 3 n = 85 | Stage 4 n = 83 | Stage 5 n = 61 | ||
Age at death, y, mean (SD) | 87.7 (6.9) | 89.6 (6.6) | 91.5 (6.1) | 92.0 (5.6) | 92.1 (5.3) | 90.3 (5.3) | < 0.001* |
Female, n (%) | 370 (66.0) | 144 (69.9) | 79 (70.5) | 67 (78.8) | 67 (80.7) | 41 (67.2) | 0.036 |
Education, mean (SD), | 16.1 (3.9) | 16.2 (3.6) | 16.1 (3.6) | 15.7 (3.5) | 15.5 (3.4) | 15.8 (3.3) | 0.705* |
Clinical characteristics, n (%) | |||||||
No Dementia | 376 (67.4) | 130 (63.1) | 55 (49.1) | 30 (35.3) | 27 (32.9) | 9 (14.8) | < 0.001 |
Dementia | 182 (32.6) | 76 (36.9) | 57 (50.9) | 55 (64.7) | 55 (67.1) | 52 (85.3) | |
Cognitive function tests proximate to death, mean (SD) | |||||||
MMSE score | 22.8 (8.2) | 21.5 (8.6) | 19.0 (9.8) | 18.3 (9.5) | 15.6 (9.2) | 11.2 (10.5) | < 0.001* |
Episodic memory | −0.60 (1.3) | −0.71 (1.3) | −1.23 (1.4) | −1.38 (1.3) | −1.97 (1.2) | −2.19 (1.3) | < 0.001* |
Semantic memory | −0.91 (1.5) | −1.05 (1.5) | −1.63 (1.9) | −1.51 (1.7) | −1.96 (1.7) | −2.80 (2.1) | < 0.001* |
Working memory | −0.61 (1.1) | −0.65 (1.1) | − 0.95 (1.2) | −0.87 (1.0) | − 0.97 (1.0) | − 1.27 (1.3) | < 0.001* |
Perceptual speed | − 1.03 (1.2) | − 1.08 (1.1) | − 1.42 (1.2) | −1.51 (1.1) | − 1.68 (1.1) | −2.10 (1.2) | < 0.001* |
Visuospatial ability | − 0.42 (1.1) | −0.41 (1.2) | − 0.64 (1.2) | −0.68 (1.1) | − 0.91 (1.1) | − 1.05 (1.3) | < 0.001* |
Pathologic characteristics, n (%) | |||||||
AD, NIA-Reagan | 315 (56.2) | 136 (66.0) | 75 (67.0) | 68 (80.0) | 71 (85.5) | 52 (85.3) | < 0.001 |
Hippocampal sclerosis | 10 (1.8) | 7 (3.4) | 14 (12.5) | 14 (16.5) | 27 (32.5) | 38 (62.3) | < 0.001 |
Macroinfarcts | 196 (34.9) | 77 (37.4) | 38 (33.9) | 29 (34.1) | 37 (44.6) | 21 (34.4) | 0.724 |
Microinfarcts | 158 (28.2) | 61 (29.6) | 36 (32.1) | 21 (24.8) | 26 (31.3) | 23 (37.7) | 0.678 |
Arteriolosclerosis | 161 (28.9) | 76 (37.1) | 32 (28.6) | 33 (38.8) | 30 (36.1) | 20 (29.5) | 0.145 |
Atherosclerosis | 174 (31.1) | 71 (34.5) | 37 (33.0) | 27 (31.8) | 28 (33.7) | 20 (32.8) | 0.966 |
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy | 418 (75.2) | 155 (75.6) | 95 (84.8) | 69 (81.2) | 66 (79.5) | 51 (83.6) | 0.171 |
Lewy body disease | 115 (21.1) | 50 (24.9) | 32 (29.4) | 24 (29.6) | 16 (20.5) | 25 (40.0) | 0.008 |