Fig. 2

CAA following intravenous injection of brain extracts into APP/PS1 mice. a Representative overview of the hippocampus and thalamus regions upon injection of the negative control homogenate HCT. b Hippocampus and thalamus regions after injection of AD patient homogenate AD1, 180 days post injection. Scale bar 500 μm. c Example of thalamic CAA after injection of the AD1 extract at higher magnification. The majority of Aβ deposits in the thalamus is vascular. Scale bar 25 μm. d Thalamic CAA with notable spread of Aβ deposition into the adjacent tissue after injection of the AD1 extract. Scale bar 12.5 μm. e Quantification of thalamic CAA 180 days after intravenous injection of brain extracts. Untreated APP/PS1 mice of the same age, which did not receive any injections, were included for additional comparison. Indicated is the mean ± SEM. Mann-Whitney U test, group sizes n = 6 (AD1), n = 6 (HCT) and n = 7 (untreated). P = 0.008 and p = 0.0062 for AD1 versus HCT and the untreated group of mice, respectively. f Quantification of thalamic CAA 270 days after intravenous injection of brain extracts. Indicated is the mean ± SEM. Kruskal-Wallis test, group sizes n = 3 (AD1), n = 3 (HCT) and n = 6 (untreated). P = 0.038, with p < 0.1 for AD1 versus HCT and the untreated group, respectively, and p > 0.1 for HCT versus untreated (Dunn’s multiple comparison test)