Fig. 1

Vascular amyloid deposition following intracerebral injection of brain extracts into APP/PS1 mice. Aβ deposits were detected 360 days post injection using the 4G8 monoclonal antibody. a Representative overview of the hippocampus and thalamus regions upon injection of the negative control homogenate HCT. b Hippocampus and thalamus regions after injection of AD1 homogenate. Scale bar 500 μm. c, d Examples of thalamic CAA after injection of the AD1 extract at higher magnifications. The majority of Aβ deposits in the thalamus is vascular. Scale bars 25 μm in (c) and 12.5 μm in (d). e Quantification of thalamic CAA 360 days after intracerebral injection of brain extracts. Indicated is the mean ± SEM. Mann-Whitney U test, group sizes n = 5 (HCT), n = 6 (B6), n = 6 (APP), n = 7 (AD1), and n = 7 (AD2). P = 0.003 for B6 versus AD1 and AD2; p = 0.0085 B6 versus APP, p = 0.38 B6 versus HCT, p = 0.1026 for AD1 versus AD2. Of note, the CAA in AD patients extracts AD1- and AD2-injected mice was significantly more pronounced than in mice receiving the APP/PS1 brain homogenate; p = 0.0264 and p = 0.0052 for AD1 and AD2 versus APP, respectively