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Fig. 5 | Acta Neuropathologica Communications

Fig. 5

From: Transmission of α-synuclein-containing erythrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles across the blood-brain barrier via adsorptive mediated transcytosis: another mechanism for initiation and progression of Parkinson’s disease?

Fig. 5

PD-derived EVs exerted a pro-inflammatory effect on microglia with a higher level of iNOS expression compared with healthy control-derived EVs. Representative immunofluorescence images of brain from LPS-treated mice with injection of DiI-EVs co-stained with Iba-1(for microglia) and iNOS. White arrow indicates an iNOS/Iba-1 positive cell with DiI-EVs. Red arrows indicate Iba-1 positive cells without DiI-EVs. Scale bar, 10 μm (a) Quantitative analysis of iNOS intesnsity in Iba + microglia in absence or presence of DiI-EVs b Values are means ± S.E.M. Student's t-test ** p < 0.01 vs microglia without DiI-EVs uptake, n = 3 independent animals. Western blot showed PD-EVs induced more iNOS expression compared with normal control-EVs in N9 microglia (c, d) Values are means ± S.E.M. Student's t-test* p < 0.05 vs control-EVs, n = 3 independent PD patients and 3 control subjects

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Acta Neuropathologica Communications

ISSN: 2051-5960

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