Fig. 4

iP subunit deficiency changes microgliosis and the inflammatory milieu in APPPS1 mice. a Representative images of Iba-1 immunohistochemistry in cortical sections of 120 days old APPPS1;LMP7^+/+ and respective littermate APPPS1;LMP7^−/− mice (left panels: scale bar 500 μm; right panels: scale bar 100 μm). b Corresponding stereomorphological quantification of the Iba-1 area covered and numbers of Iba-1+ cells at 120 days of age (n = 4–5 mice per group, area covered: APPPS1.LMP7^+/+ vs. APPPS1;LMP7^−/−: p = 0.0135; number of Iba + microglia cells: APPPS1.LMP7^+/+ vs. APPPS1;LMP7^−/−: p = 0.0286; unpaired t-test, two-tailed). c Analysis of whole brain cytokine levels assessed by Meso Scale V-PLEX Plus Pro-inflammatory Panel 1 (mouse) kit in brain homogenates of 120 days of age APPPS1;LMP7^+/+ and respective littermate APPPS1;LMP7^−/− mice (n = 4–5 mice per group, TNFα: APPPS1.LMP7^+/+ vs. APPPS1;LMP7^−/−: p = 0.0079; IL-6: APPPS1.LMP7^+/+ vs. APPPS1;LMP7^−/−: p = 0.0079, Mann-Whitney test). d Analysis of whole brain cytokine levels assessed by Meso Scale V-PLEX Plus Pro-inflammatory Panel 1 (mouse) kit in soluble brain homogenates of 250 days of age APPPS1;LMP7^+/+ and respective littermate APPPS1;LMP7^−/− mice (n = 4–5 mice per group, TNFα: APPPS1.LMP7^+/+ vs. APPPS1;LMP7^−/−: p = 0.0260; IL-4: APPPS1.LMP7^+/+ vs. APPPS1;LMP7^−/−: p = 0.0223; IL-10: APPPS1.LMP7^+/+ vs. APPPS1;LMP7^−/−: p = 0.0317, Mann-Whitney test). e Representative images of GFAP–positive astrocytes detected by immunohistochemistry in cerebal cortical sections. f Stereomorphological quantification of the GFAP area covered in APPPS1.LMP7^+/+ and respective littermate APPPS1;LMP7^−/− mice (n = 5 mice per group, *** p = 0.001, two-tailed Student’s t-test)