Fig. 2
From: Dysregulation of lysophosphatidic acids in multiple sclerosis and autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Time courses of LPAs in individual MS patients and in TCR1640 mice with spontaneous EAE. a LPA serum concentration time courses in RRMS patients. The data show the mean and SD of the unsaturated LPAs 18:1, 18:2, and 20:4. The time of the first sample is referred to as “0”. Patients were observed over several months up to 3 years. R indicates a clinical relapse, R/S is a relapse with steroid treatment, S a steroid pulse for prophylaxis, NTZ and FG show prophylactic treatments with natalizumab and fingolimod, respectively. Rtx = rituximab. The left panel shows patients with high LPAs during relapse, the right panel shows patients with low LPAs during relapses, which were in part refractory relapses. b, c Scatter plots with mean and SD showing plasma concentrations and spinal cord tissue concentrations of LPAs in TCR1640 mice at different stages of the disease. Data were compared with one-way ANOVA and subsequent post-hoc t-tests employing a Bonferroni correction for multiple testing. P < 0.05. The 3D plot (bottom) shows the individual time courses of the clinical scores in TCR1640 mice. They carry a T-cell receptor (TCR) specific for myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) peptide 92–106 and develop EAE spontaneously. Each color represents one mouse