Fig. 2

Effects of taxifolin treatment on cognitive function in the Morris water maze test. Spatial reference memory impairment in Tg-SwDI mice was completely normalized in taxifolin-treated Tg-SwDI mice. (a and b) Time course of escape latency (time to goal) (a) and total swimming distance (b) in acquisition phase recorded in vehicle-treated WT (white), vehicle-treated Tg-SwDI (red), and taxifolin-treated Tg-SwDI mice (blue) at 8-months-old receiving taxifolin or vehicle for 7 months (n = 10–17 for each group). (c and d) The time spent in the target quadrant (c) and the number of entries into target quadrant (d) in the probe trial. Error bars indicate ± SD. #p < 0.05 in WT versus vehicle-treated Tg-SwDI mice and in vehicle-treated versus taxifolin-treated Tg-SwDI mice. ##p < 0.01 in WT versus vehicle-treated Tg-SwDI mice and in vehicle-treated versus taxifolin-treated Tg-SwDI mice. ###p < 0.001 in WT versus vehicle-treated Tg-SwDI mice and p < 0.01 in vehicle-treated versus taxifolin-treated Tg-SwDI mice. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001