Fig. 5
From: A novel form of necrosis, TRIAD, occurs in human Huntington’s disease
TRIAD-specific changes in cortical neurons of Htt-KI mice. a Electron microscopy revealed numerous cytoplasmic vacuoles (asterisk) despite of normal nucleus (nuc). b Golgi apparatus was also enlarged, while mitochondria (mi) did not expand and the mitochondrial network structure remained. c A larger magnification of mitochondria and Golgi apparatus. d No subcellular organ was involved in the vacuole (asterisk) while ribosome was not confirmed throughout the cell. No autophagic vacuoles were observed at a high magnification. The image was identical to the change of TRIAD in primary cortical neurons, in which vacuoles turned out to be ER [3]. e A large part of neurons at 39 weeks seemed normal, while the space between inner and outer nuclear membranes were slightly dilated. f In 20–30% of neurons, invagination of nuclear membrane was observed (arrow). g-1 In such abnormal cells, loss of our nuclear membrane (arrowhead) and cytoplasmic vacuoles (squared area) were frequently observed. g-2 Larger magnification of the squared area is shown. h Mild ER dilatation was also observed in other cells without nuclear invagination. i A few neurons possessed intranuclear fibrils corresponding to nuclear inclusion body. j In the background mice (C57BL/6) at 68 weeks, neurons show no TRIAD-related morphological changes