Fig. 4

Neuronal and glial pTDP-43 pathology in the motor cortex. (a) Double labeling with human neurofilament in situ hybridization (blue) and phosphorylated TDP-43 (pTDP-43) immunohistochemistry (brown). High-magnification views of pTDP-43-positive NCIs (arrows) and GCIs (arrowheads) of various shapes in the motor cortex (i-v). pTDP-43-positive GCIs occur exclusively in oligodendrocytes (iii-v), including those adjacent to neurons (satellite oligodendrocytes) (iii, iv). Scale bar = 10 μm for i-v. (b) Box-plots indicate the density of NCI-bearing neurons (i) as well as that of GCI-bearing glial cells (ii), and the ratio of NCI-bearing neurons to total NCI-bearing neurons and GCI-bearing glial cells (iii). Minimum and maximum numbers or percentages are depicted by short horizontal lines, the box signifies the upper and lower quartiles, and the median is represented by a long horizontal line within the box for each group. P-values shown at the bottom and top of each graph were calculated by Kruskal-Wallis test and post-hoc Steel-Dwass test, respectively