Fig. 1

Procedure for classification of ALS-TDP pathology. (a) The procedure used for classification of the 96 cases of sporadic ALS and the results obtained. (b) Type 1 and Type 2 are defined by absence (upper) and presence (lower) of phosphorylated TDP-43 (pTDP-43) -positive NCIs in the hippocampal dentate granule cells, respectively. (c) Type 2a and Type 2b are defined by the presence of no or few, and abundant pTDP-43-positive DNs in the temporal neocortex, respectively. Representative TDP-43 pathology of Type 2a and Type 2b is shown. (d) NCIs and DNs demonstrated using anti-pTDP-43 antibody (upper) are also recognizable using phosphorylation-independent anti-TDP-43 antibody (lower). Scale bars: b = 40 μm; c = 25 μm; d = 10 μm