From: Pneumococcal meningitis: Clinical-pathological correlations (meningene-path)
Characteristic | n/N (%) | Characteristic | n/N (%) |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 67 (46–77) | Indexes of inflammation in CSFe | |
Female | 11/31 (36 %) | Leukocyte count (cells/mm3) | 656 (51–1787) |
Predisposing factors | 13/27 (48 %) | Protein level (g/L) | 5.1 (2.4–7.2) |
Otitis/sinusitis | 7/25 (28 %) | CSF/blood glucose ratio | 0.01 (0.00–0.15) |
Pneumonia | 6/24 (25 %) | Antibiotic treatment | |
Immunocompromised stateb | 7/27 (26 %) | 3rd gen cephalosporin + amoxicillin | 7/23 (35 %) |
Symptoms and signs on admission | 3rd gen cephalosporin | 8/23 (30 %) | |
Duration of symptoms >24 h | 12/23 (53 %) | Amoxicillin or penicillin | 4/23 (17 %) |
Headache | 9/17 (53 %) | Other regimens | 3/23 (13 %) |
Nausea | 8/15 (53 %) | Adjunctive dexamethasone | |
Temperature ≥38 °C | 14/21 (67 %) | Started before or with first dose antibiotics | 11/25 (44 %) |
Neck stiffness | 8/22 (36 %) | 10 mg QID 4 days | 10/25 (40 %) |
Triad of neck stiffness, fever and altered mental status | 8/22 (36 %) | Started after first dose of antibiotics | 5/25 (20 %) |
Seizures | 8/23 (35 %) | Complications | |
Score on Glasgow Coma Scalec | 10 (7–11) | Cardiorespiratory failure | 17/26 (74 %) |
Altered mental state (GCS <14) | 22/23 (96 %) | Mechanical ventilation | 18/22 (82 %) |
Coma (GCS <8) | 8/22 (36 %) | Seizures | 8/19 (30 %) |
Focal neurological deficits | Cerebral infarction | 8/18 (44 %) | |
Blood chemistry testsd | Cerebral haemorrhage | 2/18 (11 %) | |
Leukocyte count (x109/L) | 15 (8–20) | Cerebral herniation | 3 |
Thrombocyte count (x109/L) | 189 (133–274) | Time to death (days)f | 7 (3–30) |
C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 303 (204–403) | Early death (<7 days) | 14/27 |
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (mm/h, range) | 51 (40–90) | Range | 2–62 days |