Fig. 3

CASK ^(+/-) heterozygous mutant mice display postnatal microcephaly, cerebellar hypoplasia and optic nerve hypoplasia. a Representative brain images of the sex-matched CASK ^(+/+) and CASK ^(+/-) mutant littermates at postnatal day 1 and day 75 (P1 and P75), respectively. b Quantitation of brain weights from CASK ^(+/+) and CASK ^(+/-) mice at P1 and P75 (* indicates p < 0.05; n = 4). c Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained sections of hippocampus derived from CASK ^(+/+) and CASK ^(+/-) mice at P75; note the hippocampi sizes are comparable. d H&E stained sections of the cerebellum at P75 showing pronounced cerebellar hypoplasia in CASK ^(+/-) mice relative to the CASK ^(+/+) control. e High magnification of the indicated square regions from panel D showing relatively fewer cells in the cerebellar folia of CASK ^(+/-) mice compared to the CASK ^(+/+) control. f Left panel shows representative images of the optic globe and optic nerve derived from three month old CASK ^(+/+) and CASK ^(+/-) mice . Right panel shows the optic nerve cross section stained with anti-tubulin antibody from CASK ^(+/+) and CASK ^(+/-) mice; note the decrease in optic nerve diameter . Scale bar = 100 μm. g Quantification of the cerebellar and hippocampal areas and the optic nerve and optic globe diameters obtained from CASK ^(+/+) and CASK ^(+/-) mice. Measurements were made using Image J software and normalized to the sex-matched wild-type littermate controls. Bar graphs are plotted as mean ± SEM; (* indicates p  < 0.05; n = 4)