From: Autoimmune encephalitis in humans: how closely does it reflect multiple sclerosis ?
MS Pathology | AcuteMS | Progr. MS | Case HAE | Marmoset MOG EAE | Mouse MOG EAE |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Demyelination | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
DM Plaques | yes | yes | yes | yes | yesa |
Perivenous / Confluent | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes |
Periventricular | yes | yes | yes | yes | no |
Slowly expanding lesions | no | yes | no | no | no |
Dawson Fingers | yes | yes | yes | yes | no |
Leukocortical Lesions | yes | yes | yes | yes | no |
Intractortical Lesions | yes | yes | yes | yes | no |
Subpial lesions | few | many | few | yes | no |
Shadow plaques | few | var | no | yes | no |
Pattern II DM | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
C9neo Deposition | var | few | yes | yes | no |
Ig Deposition | var | var | yes | yes | no |
Macrophage association | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes |
Pattern III DM | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Pre-phagocytic Lesions | var | few | no | no | no |
Oligodendrocyte Apoptosis | var | var | no | no | no |
Concentric DM Pattern | var | rare | no | no | no |
Axonal / Neuronal Pathology | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Relative axonal pres. | yes | yes | yes | yes | no |
Acute injury in act. lesions | yes | yes | yes | few | yes |
Diffuse axonal Injury | few | mod | few | few | few |
Retrograde Neurodegeneration | few | yes | few | n.d. | yes |
Astrocyte Pathology | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Protoplasmic gliosis in active lesions | yes | yes | yes | mild | yes |
Creutzfeldt Peters Cells | many | few | many | no | no |
Fibrillary Gliosis in inactive lesions | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes |
Aquaporin 4 loss | Var (Pat III) | no | no | n.d. | no |
Inflammation | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
CD3 | many | many | many | many | many |
CD4 | few | few | single | n.d. | many |
CD8 | many | many | many | n.d. | few |
CD20 | mod | mod | massive | mod | few |
Plasma Cells | mod | mod | mod | mod | few |
Follicle like structures | var | var | yes | yes | no |
IgG PC | many | many | few | mod | n.d. |
IgA PC | few | few | few | n.d. | n.d. |
IgM PC | few | few | many | few | n.d. |
PCNA CD8 | yes | yes | yes | n.d. | n.d. |
PCNA CD20 | yes | yes | yes | n.d. | n.d. |
Microglia / Macrophages | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Iba1 (active lesions) | many | many | many | many | many |
CD68 (active lesions) | many | many | many | n.d. | many |
NADPH oxidase microglia | many | many | many | n.d. | no |
Microglia nodules | many | mod | many | few | no |
Diffuse activation NAWM/GM | mod | massive | mod | no | mod |
Iron Related Pathology | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Iron accumulation in NAWM/GM | Age related | Age related | Profound (age) | no | no |
Iron loss in lesions | yes | yes | yes | no | no |
Extracellular iron | yes | yes | yes | no | no |
Uptake in Macrophages / MG | yes | yes | yes | few | no |
Iron loss in PPWM | yes | yes | no | no | no |
Oxidative Injury | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Ox Lipids OG and Myelin | yes | yes | few (iron) | no | no |
Ox lipids neurons | yes | yes | few (iron) | no | no |
EBV | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
EBER positive B-cells | no | no | no | n.d. | n.d. |