Skip to main content
Fig. 1 | Acta Neuropathologica Communications

Fig. 1

From: Muscarinic M1 receptors modulate endotoxemia-induced loss of synaptic plasticity

Fig. 1

Pathologic signal changes in diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI MRI) of the hippocampal formation in sepsis-induced delirium in human patients. a, b, c, d, e Images show coronal (a, b, patient 1 and c, patient 2, d, patient 3) and horizontal (e, patient 4) diffusion-weighted MRI scans of patients with sepsis and sepsis-induced delirium. Scores for delirium and sepsis shown in (panels a, c, d, e and g) were obtained within 24 h from the MRI scan. Boxed areas of the hippocampal formation are shown on an enlarged view in the top of each panel. White arrows indicate localized hyperintense signal elevations. b A scan taken from patient 1 eighteen months later shows no hyperintensities. The broad signal elevation in the left temporal lobe of patient 2 (c) was due to a previous occlusion of the left medial cerebral artery. f A scan from a non-septic patient with global cerebral hypoxia exhibits bilateral and broad signal elevation observed in the hippocampal formation. g Hippocampal hyperintensities were absent in septic patient without delirium. Hyperintense movement artifacts (right cerebellar area in a, left cerebellar area in d) or susceptibility artifacts (left temporal bone area in f) are occasionally observed in the DWI MRI scans. L: left; R: right; RASS: Richmond agitation sedation scale; CAM ICU: Confusion assessment method for intensive care unit; ICDSC: Intensive care delirium screening checklist; WBCC: white blood cell count; CRP: c-reactive protein; PCT: procalcitonin

Back to article page