Fig. 1

Neuronal size in control, dup(15) autism and idiopathic autism. Panel of micrographs demonstrates smaller neurons in the nucleus accumbens, amygdala (lateral nucleus), thalamus (dorsal medial nucleus), CA3 sector in the Ammon’s horn, the second layer of the entorhinal cortex (islands of stellate neurons; ECIsl) and the external globus pallidus in a 24-year-old male diagnosed with dup(15), compared to a 32-year-old control male and a 23-year-old male diagnosed with idiopathic autism (IAutism). Stereology revealed significant (from 17 % to 23 %) neuronal soma volume deficit in these structures in dup(15) autism. Staining with cresyl violet. Calibration bar, 20 μm