Fig. 4

TsSP-induced functional effects on monocytes are glycan-dependent. Primary human monocytes were treated with TsSP, periodate (PI)- or chymotrypsin (CT)-treated TsSP (all 40 μg/ml) after which the cell motility was instantly visualized by (a) live cell imaging (10 h) and subsequently quantified by using Image J. Monocytes that were incubated with TsSP or PI/CT-TsSP for 16 h were used to study (b) monocyte adhesion to brain endothelial cells as well as (c) monocyte transendothelial migration as studied by time-lapse video microscopy. These experiments were performed on control (b) or TNF-α-treated endothelial cells (b and c). Experiments were performed in triplicate using cells from 8 (a) or 5 (b and c) different human donors and the results are presented as the mean +/− SEM. *p < 0.05, ** or ^## p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 as determined by ANOVA and Students t test