Neuronal nucleus and cytoplasm volume deficit in children with autism and volume increase in adolescents and adults

Table 3 Trajectory of neuronal nucleus volume changes throughout the lifespan of autistic and control subjects

Brain region	Autism					Control
	A	B	C	Diff % *P value*	Diff % *P value*	A	B	C	Diff % *P value*	Diff % *P value*
	4–8 y	11–23 y	36–60 y	A/B	A/C	4–8 y	14–23 y	29–64 y	A/B	A/C
Nucleus accumbens	163	213	253	31% 0.911	55% 0.904	281	226	239	−20% 0.001	−15% 0.001
Purkinje cells	394	552	654	40% 0.226	66% 0.468	575	561	569	−2% 0.000	−1 0.402
Claustrum	233	255	307	9% 0.081	32% 0.000	395	360	267	−9% 0.001	−32 0.000
Thalamus	371	433	581	17% 0.533	57% 0.000	645	439	462	−32% 0.000	−28% 0.000
Globus pallidus	503	479	489	−5% 0.357	−3% 0.000	625	417	478	−33% 0.001	−24% 0.000
Dentate nucleus	305	489	501	60% 0.257	64% 0.000	510	448	397	−12% 0.269	−22% 0.008
Entorhinal cortex	408	444	484	9% 0.857	19% 0.007	561	502	452	−10% 0.632	−19.6% 0.000
Amygdala	431	520	498	21% 0.140	16% 0.732	606	595	548	−2% 0.001	−10% 0.026
Magnocellular basal complex	476	581	611	22% 0.000	28% 0.030	656	575	558	−12% 0.000	−15% 0.064
Putamen	180	231	223	28% 0.332	24% 0.830	246	244	213	−1% 0.019	−13% 0.007
Caudate nucleus	181	234	234	29% 0.374	29% 0.812	256	229	182	−11% 0.003	−29% 0.000
Inferior olive	507	553	551	9% 0.089	9% 0.000	613	525	508	−14% 0.000	−17% 0.150
Magnocellular LGN	382	483	567	26% 0.405	48% 0.002	455	457	502	0 0.255	10% 0.189
Parvocellular LGN	217	263	335	21% 0.578	54% 0.000	268	264	284	−1% 0.503	6% 0.436
Substantia nigra	756	816	685	8% 0.911	−9% 0.035	815	811	646	0% 0.367	−21% 0.002
Ammon’s horn	576	631	706	9% 0.509	23% 0.888	702	702	683	0% 0.316	−3% 0.000

Significance levels computed controlling for post-mortem interval, days of fixation, days of dehydration, and weight loss. Results were non-significant using a false discovery rate (FDR) of p < 0.05. A/B and A/C not bootstrapped p-value.

ISSN: 2051-5960