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Table 2 The difference between the mean volume of neuronal cytoplasm in autistic and control cohorts

From: Neuronal nucleus and cytoplasm volume deficit in children with autism and volume increase in adolescents and adults

Brain structure

4- to 8-year-old subjects

11- to 23-year-old subjects

29- to 64-year-old subjects

Control

Autism

Control

Autism

Control

Autism

Mean ± SD (100%)

Mean ± SD (%)

Mean ± SD (100%)

Mean ± SD (%)

Mean (SD) (100%)

Mean ± SD (%)

Nucleus accumbens

900 ± 108

615 ± 122 -32%

864 ± 113

808 ± 46 -6%

758 ± 113

849 ± 242 + 12%

Purkinje cells

11,060 ± 466

7,653 ± 2,176 -31%

10,899 ± 1,261

9,222 ± 358 -15%

10,275 ± 1,434

7,735 ± 860 -25%

Claustrum

1,599 ± 167

1,173 ± 230 -27%

1,589 ± 75

1,358 ± 129 -15%

1,518 ± 180

1,415 ± 124 -7%

Thalamus

3,057 ± 220

2,311 ± 225 -24%

2,696 ± 255

2,617 ± 283 -3%

2,768 ± 214

2,954 ± 218 + 7%

Globus pallidus

5,011 ± 190

3,999 ± 336 -20%

4,061 ± 864

3,875 ± 660 -5%

4,523 ± 935

4,441 ± 1,008 -2%

Dentate nucleus

7,734 ± 974

5,913 ± 1,168 -23%

7,883 ± 751

6,617 ± 951 -16%

7,335 ± 516

6,505 ± 2,047 -11%

Entorhinal cortex

1,862 ± 167

1,434 ± 178 -23%

1,948 ± 135

1,597 ± 186 -18%

1,969 ± 102

1,980 ± 432 + 1%

Amygdala

2,427 ± 125

1,878 ± 287 -23%

2,386 ± 56

2,153 ± 282 -10%

2,398 ± 256

2,054 ± 413 -14%

Magnocellular basal complex

7,728 + 475

6,076 ± 302 -21%

7,639 ± 750

7,489 ± 556 -2%

7,867 ± 1,087

7,563 ± 1,028 -4%

Putamen

1,071 ± 105

914 ± 92 -15%

820 ± 163

758 ± 125 -8%

679 ± 98

770 ± 165 + 13%

Caudate nucleus

943 ± 106

754 ± 93 -20%

988 ± 148

958 ± 103 -3%

874 ± 160

983 ± 165 + 12%

Inferior olive

3,852 ± 1,428

3,325 ± 352 -14%

3,136 ± 677

3,619 ± 575 + 15%

3,409 ± 616

3,668 ± 72 + 8%

Magnocellular LGN

4,786 ± 266

4,261 ± 665 -11%

5,010 ± 87

4,855 ± 695 -3%

5,119 ± 655

5,230 ± 473 + 2%

Parvocellular LGN

2,337 ± 280

2,249 ± 316 -4%

2,563 ± 156

2,260 ± 378 -12%

2,547 ± 356

2,614 ± 445 + 3%

Substantia nigra

8,193 ± 1,344

7,847 ± 615 -4%

8,147 ± 487

8,271 ± 730 + 1%

8,679 ± 2,270

10,416 ± 1,146 + 20%

Ammon’s horn

2,712 ± 152

2,444 + 494 -10%

2,972 ± 221

2,515 ± 297 -3%

2,892 ± 452

2,752 ± 718 -5%

  1. Mean cytoplasm volume ± SD; LGN, lateral geniculate nucleus.