|
Brain structure
|
4- to 8-year-old subjects
|
11- to 23-year-old subjects
|
29- to 64-year-old subjects
|
|---|
|
Control
|
Autism
|
Control
|
Autism
|
Control
|
Autism
|
|---|
|
Mean ± SD (100%)
|
Mean ± SD
p
< (%)
|
Mean ± SD (100%)
|
Mean ± SD
p
< (%)
|
Mean (SD) (100%)
|
Mean ± SD
p
< (%)
|
|---|
|
Nucleus accumbens
|
281 ± 44
|
163 ± 49 -42% 0.001
|
226 ± 52
|
213 ± 54 0.959 ns
|
239 ± 34
|
253 ± 7 0.224 ns
|
|
Purkinje cells
|
575 ± 63
|
394 ± 77 -31% 0.001
|
561 ± 83
|
552 ± 168 0.635 ns
|
569 ± 63
|
654 ± 189 0.368 ns
|
|
Claustrum
|
395 ± 32
|
233 ± 371 -41% 0.001
|
360 ± 49
|
255 ± 67 -29% 0.001
|
267 ± 16
|
307 ± 76 0.841 ns
|
|
Thalamus
|
645 ± 56
|
371 ± 56 -42% 0.001
|
439 ± 95
|
433 ± 77 0.186 ns
|
462 ± 68
|
581 ± 103 0.035 ns
|
|
Globus pallidus
|
625 ± 93
|
503 ± 55 -19% 0.001
|
417 ± 103
|
479 ± 95 0.611 ns
|
478 ± 60
|
489 ± 75 0.918 ns
|
|
Dentate nucleus
|
510 ± 168
|
305 ± 152 0.104 ns
|
448 ± 20
|
489 ± 122 0.312 ns
|
397 ± 53
|
501 ± 128 + 26% 0.008
|
|
Entorhinal cortex
|
561 ± 67
|
408 ± 49 -27% 0.001
|
502 ± 110
|
444 ± 98 -11% 0.002
|
452 ± 69
|
484 ± 102 0.465 ns
|
|
Amygdala
|
606 ± 24
|
431 ± 74 -29% 0.001
|
595 ± 60
|
520 ± 88 0.691 ns
|
548 ± 48
|
498 ± 116 0.184 ns
|
|
Magnocellular basal complex
|
656 ± 45
|
476 ± 45 -27% 0.001
|
575 ± 46
|
581 ± 51 0.051 ns
|
558 ± 116
|
611 ± 131 0.028 ns
|
|
Putamen
|
246 ± 39
|
180 ± 32 -27% 0.014
|
244 ± 52
|
231 ± 51 0.443 ns
|
213 ± 27
|
223 ± 34 + 5% 0.004
|
|
Caudate nucleus
|
256 ± 54
|
181 ± 52 0.269 ns
|
229 ± 44
|
234 ± 49 0.284 ns
|
182 ± 26
|
234 ± 56 + 28% 0.001
|
|
Inferior olive
|
613 ± 122
|
507 ± 125 -17% 0.001
|
525 ± 67
|
553 ± 103 0.905 ns
|
508 ± 68
|
551 ± 73 0.481 ns
|
|
Magnocellular LGN
|
455 ± 66
|
382 ± 85 0.364 ns
|
457 ± 33
|
483 ± 85 + 5% 0.001
|
502 ± 20
|
567 ± 36 + 13% 0.002
|
|
Parvocellular LGN
|
268 ± 50
|
217 ± 47 -19% 0.005
|
264 ± 25
|
263 ± 48 0.145 ns
|
284 ± 28
|
335 ± 37 + 18% 0.001
|
|
Substantia nigra
|
815 ± 122
|
756 ± 50 -7% 0.001
|
811 ± 114
|
816 ± 97 0.202 ns
|
646 ± 56
|
685 ± 65 0.057 ns
|
|
Ammon’s horn
|
702 ± 40
|
576 ± 72 -18% 0.001
|
702 ± 72
|
631 ± 79 0.246 ns
|
683 ± 110
|
706 ± 138 + 3% 0.002
|
- Significance levels computed controlling for post-mortem interval, days of fixation, days of dehydration, and weight loss during dehydration. Mean nucleus volume ± SD; SD, standard deviation; ns, not significant; LGN, lateral geniculate nucleus.
