Table 1 Demographic, clinical and neuropathological signatures of subjects included in this study
From: The problem of axonal injury in the brains of veterans with histories of blast exposure
Case | Age/Gender | Cause of death | Combat history | Blast/TBI history | Opiate overdose history | Anoxic-Ischemic brain changes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 38M | Multi-organ failure | Yes | Blast 2 mo PTD1 | No | Purkinje Cell Degeneration |
2 | 23M | GSW of head | Yes | Blast 11 mo PTD2 | No | None |
3 | 26M | Methadone overdose | Yes | Blast 1 yr PTD | Yes | Purkinje Cell Degeneration |
Concussion due to Assault 2 mo PTD3 | ||||||
4 | 28M | Methadone overdose | Yes | Blast 4 yrs PTD4 | Yes | CA1 Cell Degeneration |
Purkinje Cell Degeneration | ||||||
5 | 25M | Alcohol and Opiate overdose | Yes | Blast PTD unknown | Yes | Purkinje Cell Degeneration |
6 | 20M | Methadone overdose | No | No5 | Yes | None |
7 | 24M | Opiate overdose | No | No | Yes | CA1 Cell Degeneration |
Acute brain swelling | Purkinje Cell Degeneration | |||||
8 | 48F | Methadone overdose Acute hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy <24 h duration | No | No | Yes | CA1 Necrosis |
Purkinje Cell Necrosis | ||||||
Cortical Necrosis | ||||||
Basal Ganglia Infarct | ||||||
9 | 38F | Methadone and cocaine overdose Cerebral edema Early hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy 12 h duration | No | No | Yes | CA1 Necrosis Neocortical and Entorhinal Necrosis |
10 | 32F | Opiate overdose Cerebral edema Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy 48 h duration | No | No | Yes | CA1 Necrosis Neocortical Necrosis |
11 | 18F | Opiate and antidepressant overdose | No | No | Yes | N/A |
12 | 22F | Acute hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy 27 d duration | No | No | No | CA1 Necrosis Purkinje and Deep Nuclei Cell Necrosis Cortical Necrosis Basal Ganglia Cell Necrosis |
13 | 26M | Cardiac arrhythmia | No | No6 | No | CA1 Cell Degeneration |
Acute hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy | Purkinje Cell Degeneration | |||||
14 | 19M | Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy | Yes | Blast 19 d PTD7 | No | CA1 Degeneration |
Purkinje Cell Degeneration | ||||||
Cortical cell death | ||||||
Basal ganglia cell death | ||||||
15 | 16F | Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (general anesthesia) | No | No | No | CA1 Necrosis |
Purkinje Cell Necrosis | ||||||
Neocortical Necrosis | ||||||
Basal ganglia Necrosis | ||||||
16 | 45F | Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy Pneumonia Cardiac arrhythmia <24 h duration | No | No | No | CA1 Necrosis |
Purkinje Cell Necrosis | ||||||
Neocortical Necrosis | ||||||
17 | 39M | Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy Asphyxia 4 d duration | No | No | No | CA1 Necrosis |
Purkinje Cell Necrosis | ||||||
Neocortical Necrosis | ||||||
Basal ganglia Necrosis | ||||||
18 | 22M | Extensive traumatic brain injury | No | TBI due to MVA 12 d PTD8 | No | Purkinje Cell Degeneration |
Brain hemorrhage | ||||||
19 | 21M | Intra cerebral hemorrhage | No | TBI due to Fall 4 d PTD9 | No | CA1 Cell Degeneration |
Brain herniation | Purkinje Cell Degeneration | |||||
20 | 18M | Extensive TBI | No | TBI due to MVA 2 d PTD | No | N/A |
21 | 42M | Extensive TBI | No | MVC 6 d PTD | No | N/A |
22 | 51M | Extensive TBI | No | MVC 3 h PTD | No | N/A |
23 | 21M | Sudden death Heavy lungs Negative toxicology | No | No | No | None |
24 | 28M | Sudden death | No | No | No | None |
Normal autopsy | ||||||
Negative toxicology | ||||||
25 | 21M | Sudden death | No | No | No | CA1 Cell Degeneration |
Stenosis of the coronary ostia | Purkinje Cell Degeneration | |||||
26 | 26F | Sudden death | No | No | No | CA1 and Cortical Cell Degeneration |
Mitral valve prolapse | Purkinje Cell Degeneration | |||||
27 | 70F | Sudden death | No | No | No | CA1 Cell Degeneration |
Cardiac arrhythmia | Purkinje Cell Degeneration | |||||
28 | 26M | Heart attack | No | No | No | None |
29 | 48F | Heart attack | No | No | No | None |