Figure 5

Vascular amyloid (CAA burden) and brain microhemorrhages. Representative images of a visible reduction in the CAA burden of the cortical vessels in mice treated from 7–20 months are shown in A and B. Significantly, CpG ODN treatment led to a 74% (*p = 0.03) reduction in the vascular amyloid burden in the 7–20 month study group ( C ) and an 80% reduction (*p = 0.036) was noted in CpG ODN-treated animals in the 11–18 month study group ( D ) measured by unbiased stereology. E and F show representative 3xTg-AD mice brain sections stained with Perl’s stain for ferric iron in haemosiderin. Quantification of CAA-associated microhemorrhages revealed a significant reduction of iron positive profiles per brain section in CpG ODN-treated animals in both study groups (7–20 study group, *p = 0.034; 11–18 study group, *p = 0.043) ( G , H ). Scale bar, 100 µm.