Figure 4

db/AD mice display impaired cognition. db/AD mice showed a significant acquisition deficit in the Morris Water Maze (a): ANOVA p-value by day: 0.4, 02, 0.05, 0.001, 0.03) using a standard paradigm of 4 trials/day (mean swim distance is shown for each block: (WT, n = 4 F/4 M; AD, n = 4 F/2 M; db, n = 6 F/5 M; db/AD, n = 7 F/1 M). (b) db/AD mice did not learn the location of the hidden platform, as shown by probe trial (ANOVA, p < 0.03). The db/AD mice spent less time in the target quadrant, and less time in proximity to the platform location (* = p ≤ 0.05, ** = p ≤ 0.01. Tukey’s test, relative to WT). All groups performed similarly on the cued version of the task (both distance (p < 0.07) and latency (p < 0.12), indicating that the db and db/AD mice did not have a profound visual impairment (not shown).