Figure 2

Astrocytes in the affected white matter show morphological changes consistent with injury in the absence of demyelination. (a) Myelin is preserved in white matter regions affected by haemorrhages (PLP, scale bar = 50 μm). (b) White matter blood vessel shows perivascular fibrin exudation (also note the absence of axonal swellings consistent with absence of axonal injury) (HE, scale bar = 50 μm), but (c) perivascular myelin is preserved (PLP, scale bar = 50 μm). (d-f) Perivascular astrocyte end-feet exhibit impressive swelling: astrocytic swellings are immunoreactive for (d) AQP4 (AQP4, scale bar = 50 μm), (e) AQP1 (AQP1, scale bar = 50 μm) and (f) GFAP (scale bar = 50 μm). (g-i) Parenchymal astrocyte processes exhibit impressive swelling: astrocytic swellings are immunoreactive for (g) AQP4 (AQP4, scale bar = 50 μm), (h) AQP1 (AQP1, scale bar = 50 μm) and (i) GFAP (scale bar = 50 μm). (j-l) Astrocytes are dystrophic and have “beaded” processes consistent with degeneration: the dot-like astrocytic remnants are immunoreactive for (j) AQP4 (AQP4, scale bar = 33 μm), (k) AQP1 (AQP1, scale bar = 33 μm) and (l) GFAP (scale bar = 33 μm).