| CHI | Control | p value |
---|---|---|---|
Demographics | Â | Â | Â |
Gender: Female | (8/19) 42% | (10/26) 38% | 0.8053 |
Gender: Male | (11/19) 58% | (16/26) 62% | Â |
Gestational Age (weeks) | 24.98 (2.41) | 25.88 (2.29) | 0.1318 |
Postnatal Age (weeks) | 2.96 (2.71) | 2.88 (3.01) | 0.6789 |
Postconceptional Age (weeks) | 27.83 (3.50) | 28.81 (3.17) | 0.3362 |
Race: African-American | (6/17) 35% | (9/24) 38% | 1.0 |
Race: Caucasian | (10/17) 59% | (14/24) 58% | Â |
Race: Biracial | (1/17) 6% | (1/24) 4% | Â |
Birth weight (gm) | 746.21 (255.16) | 808.54 (228.71) | 0.1383 |
Birth length (cm) | 31.91 (3.03) | 34.02 (4.07) | 0.0376 |
Birth head circumference (cm) | 22.79 (2.57) | 23.26 (2.46) | 0.5039 |
Apgar 1Â minute | 3.53 (2.29) | 3.5 (2.34) | 0.8701 |
Apgar 5Â minutes | 5.12 (2.23) | 5.62 (2.40) | 0.4593 |
Postmortem body weight (gm) | 1,203.74 (493.93) | 1,209.72 (496.38) | 0.9683 |
Postmortem body length (cm) | 34.08 (3.04) | 35.0 (4.51) | 0.4475 |
Postmortem head circumference (cm) | 24.95 (3.31) | 25.20 (2.97) | 0.7864 |
Postmortem brain weight, fixed (gm) | 115.47 (36.89) | 131.77 (41.54) | 0.1909 |
Maternal Factors | Â | Â | Â |
Maternal Age (years) | 24.68 (4.41) | 26.12 (7.02) | 0.407 |
Pregnancy induced hypertension | (3/19) 16% | (1/26) 4% | 0.2954 |
Pre-ecclampsia/ecclampsia | (1/19) 5% | (2/24) 8% | 1.0 |
Maternal infection/antibiotics | (9/19) 47% | (12/26) 46% | 0.9357 |
Preterm labor | (16/19) 84% | (26/26) 100% | 0.909 |
Prolonged rupture of membranes | (5/19) 26% | (7/26) 27% | 0.9637 |
Chorioamnionitis | (6/19) 32% | (8/26) 31% | 0.9538 |
Multiple gestation | (4/19) 21% | (7/26) 27% | 0.7363 |
Abruption | (7/19) 37% | (5/26) 19% | 0.1870 |
Prenatal steroids | (15/19) 79% | (18/26) 69% | 0.4666 |
Neonatal Course | Â | Â | Â |
Cesarean section | (8/19) 42% | (18/26) 69% | 0.0688 |
Emergent delivery | (11/19) 58% | (18/26) 69% | 0.4327 |
Surfactant | (19/19) 100% | (25/26) 96% | 1.0 |
iNO | (6/19) 32% | (7/26) 27% | 0.7341 |
Chest compressions and/or epinephrine | (5/19) 26% | (3/26) 12% | 0.2528 |
Mechanical ventilation | (19/19) 100% | (26/26) 100% | 1.0 |
Positive pressure ventilation (PPV) and intubation | (19/19) 100% | (25/26) 96% | 1.0 |
High frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) | (14/19) 74% | (17/26) 65% | 0.5525 |
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)/nasal cannula | (9/19) 47% | (14/26) 54% | 0.6677 |
Hypoxia | (19/19) 100% | (3/26) 12% | 0.2515 |
Pneumonia | (6/19) 32% | (5/26) 19% | 0.4851 |
Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) | (19/19) 100% | (25/26) 96% | 1.0 |
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) | (5/19) 26% | (8/26) 31% | 0.7448 |
Pneumothorax | (2/19) 11% | (7/26) 27% | 0.2644 |
Pulmonary hemorrhage | (8/19) 41% | (3/26) 12% | 0.0333 |
PDA on ultrasound | (11/17) 65% | (11/21) 53% | 0.4442 |
Indomethacin prophylaxis | (14/19) 74% | (17/26) 65% | 0.5525 |
Ibuprofen/indomethacin | (0/19) 0% | (4/26) 15% | 0.1264 |
Surgical ligation of PDA | (3/19) 16% | (1/26) 4% | 0.2954 |
Vasopressors | (19/19) 100% | (23/26) 88% | 0.2515 |
Hydrocortisone | (13/19) 68% | (13/26) 50% | 0.2166 |
Volume expanders | (19/19) 100% | (24/26) 92% | 0.5010 |
Blood transfusion | (19/19) 100% | (25/26) 96% | 1.0 |
Hyperbilirubinemia | (18/18) 100% | (23/24) 96% | 1.0 |
Disseminated intravascular coagulation | (11/19) 58% | (10/26) 38% | 0.1968 |
Sepsis | (17/19) 89% | (15/26) 58% | 0.0152 |
Meningitis | (0/19) 0% | (0/26) 0% | 1.0 |
Intestinal injury | (10/19) 53% | (12/26) 46% | 0.6677 |
Surgery | (9/19) 47% | (8/26) 31% | 0.3532 |
Feeds | (12/19) 63% | (15/26) 58% | 0.7660 |
Total parental nutrition | (19/19) 100% | (26/26) 100% | 1.0 |
Bicarbonate administered | (19/19) 100% | (25/26) 96% | 1.0 |
Acidosis (pH < 7.20) | (19/19) 100% | (26/26) 100% | 1.0 |
Renal failure | (14/19) 74% | (11/26) 42% | 0.0339 |
Furosamide | (9/19) 47% | (11/26) 42% | 0.7358 |
Pain/sedation medications | (19/19) 100% | (22/26) 85% | 0.1264 |
Seizures | (5/19) 26% | (7/26) 27% | 0.9637 |